Method for producing artificial respiration



G. P. E'. sToLLE. METHOD FOR PRODUCING ARTIFICIAL RESPIBATION.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. I9, I9I4.- 1,358,893.

:Jn usw/1to1, my@ @am XML 5&1@ u @Moulage y G. P. E. STOLLE. METHoD FORPRoDuclNG ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATloN.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. I9* i914.

Patented Novo 16, 1920.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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UNITED STATES.

PATENT OFFICE.

GEORG PAUI EUGEN STOLLE, OF KIEL, GERMANY.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING- ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION.

ber 19, 1914.

To all whom it may concern: v

Be it known that I, G .none PAUL EUGEN SroLLn, engineer, a subject ofthe German Emperor, and residing at Kiel, Germany, Bluecherstrasse 1,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Methods forProducing` Artificial Respiration, of which the following is aspecification. Y The rpresent invention is a division of my applicationNo. 796,460 liled October 21st 1913 and relates to a method of producingarticial respiration. Several forms of construction of apparatus areknown for this purpose and they can be conveniently divided into ivegroups, as follows: Y

1. Apparatus in which respiration is produced by moving the arms andsimultaneously expanding and contracting the chest.

2. Apparatus by means of which the entire abdominal part of the personunder treatment is rhythmically expanded or contracted.

3. Apparatus which rhythmically forces oxygen into the lungs.

4. Apparatus which forces oxygen into the lungs, the contents of thelungs being withdrawn after each supply by means of a hand operatedpump.

5. Apparatus by means of which air rich in oxygen is forced into thelungs the contents of which are withdrawn after each supply, the rhythm`of exhaust and supply depending directly vupon the more or ess rapidlyobtained increase or reduction of pressure in the exhaust or supply pipeor in the lungs.

T he invention is a development of the last class of apparatus referredto above. The apparatus of this class suffer from considerabledisadvantages owing to the factl they are dependent for their working onthe cooperation of the lung spaces and the reversal from the supply tothe exhaust effect and vice versa only takes place when a certainincrease or reduction of pressure in the lung spaces is obtained. f

If the lungs of a person being treated by means of the above apparatusdo not work to the standard degree, the rhythm is extraordinarily andunnaturally accelerated as its rapidity depends upon the time taken toobtain -a reduction or increase of the ressure in the lung spaces. Whenthis accelleration of the rhythm takes-place, overstrain- Specificationof Letters Patent. Patentd NOV, 16, 1920.

Original application led October 21, 1913, Serial No. 796,460.

Iivded and this application filed Decem- Serial No. 878,173.

ing or tearing of the lungs cannot be avoided, and such accidents arevery dangerous as the person under treatment is'usually exceedinglyweak. In the case of injury to the lungs, therefore, it is impossible tousel such apparatus: A. further drawback of an economic kind arises fromthe fact that as the apparatus is dependent on the coperation of thelung spaces, any one apparatus can only be used for treating a singleperson, so that a number of them must be provided when several personsare to be treated.

The invention obviates these disadvantages mainly owing to the fact thatthe reversal from the supply to the exhaust effect and vice versa takesplace without requiring any assistance from the lungs that isindependently of the increase or reduction of the pressure in the lungspaces and for this purpose respiration gas is supplied to and exhaustedfrom the 'lungsl periodically at ad* justable intervals through themedium of a control mechanism which is directly actuated by a gaseousmedium so that the reversal from the supply to the exhaust effect andvice versa is performed in the manner described above. Preferably thegas employed for actuating the control mechanism is also used wholly forrespiratory purposes, and in this case the respiration periods can beregulated by throttling the gas supply.

It will, of course, be understood that care must be taken thatoverstraining of the respiratory organs be avoided, because the lungs ofchildren and of adults must not of course be supplied with equalquantities of air.

The apparatus as a whole for carrying the novel method into practice mayvary largely in construction, but in the construcftional formshereinafter more fully described the main feature of constructionresides in the fact that the control mechanism is censtituted by apiston displaceabie in a cylinder kunder the influence of some of therespiration gas, and by a valve which through displacement by the pistoncontrols the Vsupply of the gas that drives the same. This valve can beconstructed in such a manner that in addition to control-` ling ordistributing the'gas that drives the piston it also controls the passageof the respiration gas to and from the patient. It is advantageous to soarrange the parts that the gas expelled from the cylinder by themovements of the piston unites with the respiration gas proper. Thecontrol mechanism conductsv the respiration gas alternately into anexhaust chamber' or com-l partment and a supply chamber or coinpartment;these chambers or compartments can be provided with a plurality ofconnections so that a number of persons can be treated at the same timewhile employing a single apparatus. The control mechanism regulates therespiratory period and it is therefore only necessary to provide, foreach person to be treated, a separate set of Aexhaust and supply nozzlesand connecting stituted by this member and is, therefore,

correspondingly accelerated.

1n the accompanying drawings: Figures 1 and 2 illustrate an apparatus,

:embodying my invention, in two similar longitudinal vertical sections,showing the two characteristic4 positions of the control mechanism. Y

In the construction illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, 1 is achamber intowhich two supply nipples 2, 3 open; these nipples serve for connectionwith a bottle or other reservoir containing the respiration gas, thenipple 2 being provided with a screw 39 for regulating the supply ofgas. Inside the chamber 1 a cylinder 4 is fixed, and in this cylinder apiston 6 provided with a piston rod 5 is displaceable upward anddownward. On the front end of the piston rod is provided a tappet 7which, in proximity to each of its end positions, actuates two tappets 9and 10 arranged on a movable slide valve 8 provided with a longitudinalbore 14.

The slide valve 8 is guided in a casing 11 connected with the cylinder4, and also in a bushV 12, which is'iixed in a chamber 13. The chamber13 is united to thechamber 1, and is'divided into two compartments bythe bush 12. In addition to its longitudinal bore 14, the slide valve 8kcarries a series of ports cooperating with ports in the wall of thecylinder 4 and also with passages leading from the interior of the guidebush 12 into the two halves of the chamber 13. The three ports 15, 16and 17 in the valve coperate with the cylinder 4, in the ports 15 and 16permitting of pas sage from the longitudinalbore 14 to the portsy 18 and19 and consequently to the vto rise.

above or below the piston 6 according to the position of the valve 8.The ports 21 and 22 on the lower part ofthe slide valve 3 coperate withthe passages 23 and 24 provided in the guide bush 12. According to theposition of the slide valve, the ports 2l and 22'register with thepassages 23 and 24 respectively. The passage 23 leads to the half of thechamber 13 which is marked 25 and which, in the constructionillustrated, serves as an exhaust compartment, while the passage 24leads to the other half 26, which serves as a supply compartment. Thecompartments 25 and 26 are provided with connections 27 and 28, adaptedto be closed and enabling a number of persons to be treated. 1n theexample 4here illustrated, it is assumed that only one pair ofconnections is utilized. Two vflexible conduits 29, 30, proceed to thepatient 38 from the two connections 27, 28, with the interposition ofthe two nozzles 31,32, and corresponding pipes 33, 34, the device 37being a mask provided with exhaust and delivery safety valves 35, 36. Attheir lower vend therpipes are connected by way of the nozzles 31 and 32with a common chamber 40. The pipe 33 opens into the atmosphere whilethe pipe 34 is fitted to the mask proper 37.-

The operation of this apparatus is as follows:

1n the position of the several parts illus trated in Fig. 1, therespiration gas passes through the nipple 2, the pipe 20, the annularport 17 of the slide valve 8, and the port 18 of the cylinder 4, intothe space beneath the piston 6, which is at once caused Respiration gasalso flows through the socket 3, the longitudinal bore 14 in the slide'valve 8, and the passages 21 and 23 into the exhaust compartment 25 ofthe chamber 13 and then through'the conduit 29 intoV the supply nozzle31 and finally 'into the atmosphere, and, owing to the injector-likeaction of the nozzle 31, exerts an exhaust effect upon the lungs of thepatient and expels their contents into the atmosphere through the pipe34 and 33. In the longitudinal bore 14 of the slide valve 8, the gasflowing from the nipple?) down the `longitudinal bore 14 of the valveunites with 'valveV and in Overcoming the opposing force constituted bythe resilient roller 41 causes the said valve to move quickly upward so`that it passes into the position shown in Fig. 2 with considerableacceleration; the piston 6 has then also reached its upper end position.In this position of the parts, the annular port 17 while still remainingin communication with the pipe 20 enters intoV 26 of the chamber 13,while access tothe ex! haust compartment 25 is cut off. The re versal istherefore complete, and the fresh gas is now conducted from the socket 2through the pipe 20, and the ports 17 and 19, into the space above thepiston 6, and also fromthe socket 3 through the longitudinal bore 14,the port 22 and the passage 24, into the supply compartment 26 fromwhich the gas flows through the conduit 30 into the supply nozzle 32,and thence, while simultaneously sucking fresh air through the pipe 33,into the pipe 34 from which it reaches the lungs through the naturalrespiratory passages.

Under the influence of the gas situated above the piston 6, the latteris again caused to descend. Meanwhile the gas situated below the pistonis expelled through the ports 18 and 15 and mixes with the respirationgas flowing through the socket 3 and proceeding along the longitudinalbore 14. As the piston` continues to move downward with its tappet 7, itagain strikes the tappet 10 on the slide valve 8 and after overcomingthe resistance opposed by the resilient roller 41 causes the valve ytodescend also with considerable acceleration and thereby causes the partsto resume the position illustrated in Fig. 1, whereuponthe operationjust described is repeated. The number of reversals in a unit of timecan be regulated by adjusting the throttling screw 39.

In order to prevent excessive pressure or exhaust effect from beingexerted upon the lungs, the safety valves 35 and 36 are provided ;.whena given degree of pressure or of exhaust is exceeded, these valvesautomatically establish communication with the outer air.

In the illustrated form of the invention the supply or exhaust effect isa maximum at the beginning and gradually decreases thus producing aneffect similar to natural respiration. In Fig. 1 the control mechanismis in the position in which the maximum exhaust effect takes place, theworking gas which enters through the supply nipple 2 being admitted tothe cylinder 4 below the piston 6 while the working gas in the cylinderabove the piston passes through the ports 19 and 16 and enters thelongitudinal bore 14 of the slide valve 8 where it unites with therespiration gas which enters through the supply-nipple 3. By means ofthe increase of pressure thus obtained an increased exhaust effect isproduced and this effect gradually decreases as the increase pressurebrought about by the working gas exhausting from the cylinder 4diminishes. When the piston 6 reaches the end of its stroke the exhausteffect is due to the pressure of the gas entering through the supplynipple 2 only. When the reversal takes place the same effect isproduced, that is to say, the pressure of the gas supplied to thepatient gradually decreases.

In this way, an artificial respiration is obtained which agrees entirelywith natural respiration, thereby insuring the success of the revivingaction.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my saidinvention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare thatwhat I claim is:

1. A method of producing artificial respiration which comprises causinga flow of respiration gas, positively utilizing a portion thereofindependently of lung pressure to effect the reversal of direction offlow and thereafter delivering a portion of it to the respirationpassage and automatically relieving excessive or inferior pressure.

2. A method of producing artificial respiration which comprises causinga flow of respiration gas in Aa plurality of respiration units, andpositively utilizing a portion of the respiration gas independently oflung pressure, to effect a reversal of direction of flow in all of saidunits simultaneously and exhausting a part of such portion of therespiration gas into the respiration units.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

HERMANN SoH'r'r, C. WILHELM KRUTZFELDT.

